The Truth About Dog Breeds And Separation Anxiety

Imagine being overwhelmed with fear and anxiety every time your loved one steps out the door.

Even for a moment.

For dogs with separation anxiety, this is an emotional rollercoaster they just can’t escape

But are some dog breeds more susceptible to separation anxiety than others?

The research says no.

Or yes.

Or maybe.

Depending on which study you read.

The truth is, understanding separation anxiety is a complex issue that goes way beyond just looking at a dog’s breed.

In this article, we’ll explore the possible causes of separation anxiety in dogs and provide tips and techniques for easing your pet’s fears to help her feel more secure and comfortable when left alone.

Defining Separation Anxiety

Separation anxiety in dogs is a behavioral disorder that occurs when dogs become anxious and distressed when left alone or separated from their pet parents or family members. 

Even the mere thought of being left alone can trigger an overwhelming sense of panic.

What Are The Signs Of Separation Anxiety?

The symptoms of separation anxiety vary from dog to dog, but some common signs include:

• Destructive behaviors, such as chewing, digging, and scratching

• Anxious behavior like pacing up and down, yawning (when not tired), and panting (when not hot)

• Becoming clingy and demanding constant attention from their owners or family members, or following them around the house

• Excessive barking, howling, or whining 
  
• Peeing or pooping in the home/on furniture/on owner’s bed

• Noise-sensitivity (reacting to loud noises or sudden movements)

• Attempting to escape from their environment

Sometimes, however, the signs are not obvious at all.

There are many dogs who just “suffer in silence – their distress isn’t apparent,” says Dr. Diane van Rooy of the University of Melbourne.

Are Some Dog Breeds More Prone To Separation Anxiety?

Separation anxiety is a common condition thought to affect as many as one in four to six dogs, regardless of breed or age.

However, researchers have long debated whether mixed-breed or purebred dogs are more susceptible to the disorder, as well as which specific dog breeds, if any, might be particularly prone to separation anxiety.

Veterinarian researchers Gerrard Flannigan and Nicholas Dodman summarize it like this:

• Research shows conflicting findings on whether mixed-breed dogs are more prone to separation anxiety than purebred dogs.

• In three studies comparing dogs with separation anxiety to those with other behavior problems, mixed-breed dogs were more likely to have separation anxiety.

• In another study, separation anxiety was found to be more common in purebred dogs.

• In yet another study, the distribution of purebred and mixed-breed dogs did not differ significantly between dogs with separation anxiety and those with other issues.

In other words, the jury is still out.

“Separation anxiety can affect any breed of dog,” says licensed dog trainer and canine separation anxiety specialist Kelly Fahey of the PupScouts of Hunterdon.

“It’s not about breed characteristics.

“Any of our canine companions can feel afraid to be alone because of a traumatic experience or even because of their genetics.

“Our dogs are sentient beings and things like kids going back to school, being left alone for long periods of time, moving to a new home, or any other change in the family structure can cause a dog to panic and be afraid when by themselves.”

Are Rescue Dogs More Prone To Separation Anxiety?

Researchers also point out that the data gleaned from studies may not tell the whole story. 

Why?

Because dogs acquired through adoption rather than a breeder may have higher rates of separation-related behaviors.

Shelter and rescue dogs often experience high levels of stress from being abandoned or relinquished by their previous owners.

Then, finding themselves in a noisy, scary shelter environment, they may develop strong attachments to shelter staff or volunteers, and, eventually, their new owners.

Understanding Dog Breeds

If you’re a dog owner, you know that dogs can exhibit a wide range of temperaments and behaviors. 

Variations In Temperament And Behavior Among Breeds

Dogs may be a human’s best friend, but in terms of their genetics, different breeds often have different characteristics and behaviors that set them apart. 

On the other hand, although breed type is one of the factors that influence a dog’s personality, it’s not the only one.

Other environmental factors, such as past experiences or levels of attachment, also play a crucial role.

Reasons Why Certain Breeds May Be More Prone To Separation Anxiety

Some breeds are known for being “Velcro dogs” and forming strong bonds with their owners.

This can make it difficult for them to be left alone. 

“It’s not uncommon for certain breeds to over-attach to their owners, particularly dogs in the working or herding groups that are bred to work side-by-side with their humans,” says the American Kennel Club.

Other breeds may have high energy levels and require a lot of physical activity and mental stimulation, which can lead to anxiety when they are left alone for long periods of time.

Defining Dog Breeds

The American Kennel Club divides dog breeds into seven different groups:

#1. Sporting Group

Breeds in this group were bred to assist hunters in capturing and retrieving feathered game.

Examples include Labrador Retrievers, German Shorthaired Pointers, and Cocker Spaniels.

#2. Hound Group

All breeds in this group were bred to pursue warm-blooded quarry.

Examples include the Bloodhound, Dachshund, Basset Hound, and Greyhound.

#3. Working Group

Breeds in this group were developed to assist humans in some capacity, including pulling sleds and carts, guarding flocks and homes, and protecting their families.

Examples include the Boxer, Great Dane, and Rottweiler.

#4. Terrier Group

Breeds in this group were first bred to go underground in pursuit of rodents and other vermin.

Examples include the Bull Terrier, Scottish Terrier, the Jack Russell Terrier, West Highland White Terrier, and Wheaten Terriers.

#5. Toy Group

Breeds in this group are small enough to fit comfortably in the lap of their adored owners.

Examples include the Chihuahua, Pug, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, and Shih Tzu.

#6. Non-Sporting Group

Breeds in this group have job descriptions that defy categorization in the six other groups.

These dogs were all developed to interact with people in some capacity and are largely sought after as companion animals.

Examples include the French Bulldog, Dalmatian, Bichon Frise, and Toy Poodle.

#7. Herding Group

Breeds in this group were developed for moving livestock, including sheep, cattle, and even reindeer.

Examples include the Border Collie, German Shepherds, Spanish Water Dogs, the Australian Shepherd, and the Pembroke Welsh Corgi.

What Science Says About Dog Breeds And Separation Anxiety

As we’ve seen, several studies have looked into what might cause separation anxiety in dogs. 

In addition to the dog’s breed, several of the studies also considered factors, like the dog’s gender, what resources they have access to (food, toys, cozy bed, etc.), and how their family or owner lives. 

Associate Professor in Animal Behavior, Niwako Ogata, summarizes it like this:

• Two studies showed that male dogs had a higher frequency of separation anxiety, but a third study found no sex-specific difference.

• One study reported a higher breed-specific frequency of separation anxiety in the Golden Retriever, English Springer Spaniel, and English Cocker Spaniel, while another noted Cocker Spaniels, Miniature Schnauzers, and Dachshunds.

• A separate study did not find any specific breed association with separation anxiety.

• The studies were conducted in different countries (the United States, Norway, and Australia) and used different methods to gather data, making it hard to get a clear overall picture.

So why is it that when you ask Google the question, ‘Which dog breeds are more likely to have separation anxiety?’ you get a never-ending list of articles giving you, well, a list of all the dog breeds that are susceptible to it?

I’m going to stick my neck out and say that separation anxiety is not necessarily breed-specific (based on what the research tells us), but that it can be affected by several other factors too. 

Let’s look at what some of those might be.

Factors Contributing To Separation Anxiety In Dogs

“Separation anxiety can occur for a number of reasons,” says Canine Separation Anxiety Specialist, Malena DeMartini. 

Some dogs are more prone to fear and general anxiety issues or scary, unexpected experiences when left alone, such as storms, thunder, fireworks, or construction noises. 

“Other influences may have been due to moving, changes in the family structure or dynamic (including loss of a family member or divorce), traumatic experiences (such as being attacked by another dog, or being hit by a car), or even absences that we consider normal, but are simply too long for the dog. 

“More recently, studies are revealing the likelihood of some genetic predisposition involvement.”

So while there is a genetic component, it is far more complex than that.

Let’s look more closely at some of the root causes that contribute to separation anxiety in dogs:

Early Socialization And Negative Experiences

Dogs that have not been properly socialized or have had negative experiences during their early life stages may be more prone to separation anxiety. 

Early socialization and positive experiences with people, other animals, and new environments can help dogs develop confidence and independence.

Previous Abandonment Or Traumatic Experiences

Dogs that have been abandoned, surrendered, or experienced traumatic events may be more likely to develop separation anxiety. 

These experiences can cause fear and anxiety related to their owner’s absence.

Sudden Changes In Routine Or Environment

Dogs are creatures of habit, and sudden changes in their routine or environment can be stressful. 

Moving to a new home, a change in work schedule, or the addition of a new family member can all contribute to separation anxiety.

Lack Of Proper Training And Gradual Desensitization

Proper training and gradual desensitization can help dogs learn to be calm and relaxed when left alone.

Dogs that have not been trained to be alone or gradually desensitized to their owner’s absence may be more prone to separation anxiety. 

Can Dogs Suddenly Develop Separation Anxiety?

If your dog is overly attached and follows you everywhere, it’s important to figure out whether this is part of his personality and breeding, or if something more serious is going on, according to the American Kennel Club:

“For example, an older dog may be losing his sight or hearing, becoming more fearful of the environment and dependent on having you near.”

Recognizing And Managing Separation Anxiety

Identifying triggers and behaviors associated with separation anxiety is the first step in managing this condition.

Identifying Triggers And Behaviors

Dogs are highly attuned to their owner’s behavior and will quickly learn to recognize the signs that indicate that you are about to leave. 

Whether it’s putting on your shoes, picking up your keys, or locking the door, these departure cues can make your dog feel anxious even before you leave. 

An easy way to alleviate this is to mix up your cues.

For example, you could pick up your keys and then put them down again and go back to doing the ironing.

Or place your bag outside the door long before you plan to leave so you can just grab and go without overly stressing your dog.

Positive Reinforcement Training Techniques

Positive reinforcement training techniques can help when addressing separation anxiety issues.

To help your dog feel more at ease when you’re out of sight, you can start by quietly leaving the room for just a few seconds, then come back in and reward her for remaining calm.

Gradual Desensitization And Counterconditioning

Gradual desensitization and counterconditioning are two techniques in particular that can help your dog feel more comfortable when you’re not around. 

Essentially, desensitization means slowly getting used to something that a dog is fearful of.

Counterconditioning involves changing how the dog feels about something, so something that was previously scary becomes something more enjoyable.

These two techniques can be used in tandem so that, by gradually exposing your dog to longer periods of time alone and associating your departure with positive experiences, you can help her overcome her separation anxiety.

I won’t lie, it can be a slow and laborious process that requires excessive patience.

But it’s essential not to rush it and to go at your dog’s pace.

Honestly, I don’t really recommend trying it without the guidance of a canine separation anxiety specialist.

I’ll list three of my favorites at the end of this article.

Environmental Enrichment And Mental Stimulation

Making small changes in the environment where your dog spends time alone can be beneficial for minimizing her anxiety. 

Adding a few items like comfortable bedding and leaving some of your clothing with your scent on can help make the space feel more familiar during your absence. 

You can also leave her with some safe chew toys, or a food puzzle toy like a stuffed KONG, a LickiMat, or a Snuffle Mat to distract her and keep her busy.

If she is using her brain to solve a mental challenge it can help keep her stress levels at bay and she’ll be less likely to fret over your departure.

The Role Of Exercise And Regular Routine

Regular exercise and a consistent daily routine can be helpful because your dog will know what to expect and when to expect it.

The downside of that is, she’ll learn when she’s going to be left alone.

So it’s still important to work on desensitizing her to your departures, as well as teaching her to be comfortable with being alone.

Nevertheless, incorporating a quick walk or play session before you leave can help her to feel a bit more relaxed.

Hire A Petsitter

Finally, you may want to consider hiring a pet sitter. 

They can provide companionship and playtime with your pup, which can help distract her from feelings of anxiety.

Treatment Options For Separation Anxiety In Dogs

The best way to treat separation anxiety in dogs is to consult with a certified canine separation anxiety specialist. 

Personalized Assessment And Tailored Behavior Modification Plans

A canine separation anxiety specialist will assess your dog’s separation anxiety and work with you to understand your dog’s specific needs, then develop a plan that is tailored to her personality and behavior.

Your first port of call, however, should be your veterinarian to rule out any potential medical issues that may be causing the behavior.

Medications That May Be Prescribed For Separation Anxiety

In some cases, your veterinarian may prescribe anti-anxiety medication to help alleviate your dog’s anxious behavior. 

These medications can help reduce the severity of your dog’s separation anxiety symptoms. 

However, medication alone is not a cure for separation anxiety disorder and should be used in conjunction with positive reinforcement training and behavior modification techniques.

Calming Supplements And Pheromone Sprays

Calming supplements and pheromone sprays can be helpful for creating a calming environment for your dog, thus reducing anxiety levels. 

Options include:

• A calming pheromone spray like Pet Remedy

• A plug-in Pet Remedy or Adaptil diffuser 

• An Adaptil calming pheromone collar 

• A blend of flower essences, like Rescue Remedy

However, it’s important to discuss the use of these products with your veterinarian before use.

Remember, there is no one-size-fits-all solution for treating separation anxiety in dogs. 

Tools such as these are just part of the puzzle and your dog may or may not respond to them. 

Anxiety Vests And Wraps

Anxiety vests and wraps can provide a sense of comfort and security for dogs suffering from separation-related disorders. 

They work by applying gentle pressure to your dog’s body, which can help reduce anxiety levels and promote relaxation.

Options include:

• A Thundershirt Anxiety Jacket applies gentle, constant pressure that can help calm anxiety, fear, and over-excitement due to a variety of environmental triggers

• A Tellington TTouch Body Wrap is another method of applying gentle pressure to help dogs relax

Music And White Noise Machines

Soft, soothing music like classical music, dog-specific music (yes, really!), or white noise can help drown out loud noises and provide a sense of comfort for dogs suffering from separation anxiety.

Options include:

• Through A Dog’s Ear or Relax My Dog can be played at a low volume to provide white noise and promote relaxation

• A white noise machine can also be used to provide soothing sound for your dog

Note that dogs have a far superior sense of hearing to ours, so it is important not to play anything too loud.

So they should have the option to leave the room or area if they find the music jarring.

The last thing you want is to add another stressor to your already anxious dog’s environment.

The best thing to do is experiment with different types of music and find the one that works best – if any.

Cameras And Monitoring Systems

Cameras and monitoring systems can help monitor your dog’s behavior when you’re not home so you can determine the severity of her separation anxiety, as well as whether or not additional treatment is necessary.

So often dog owners are completely unaware that their furry friend is struggling, until their weary neighbor lets them know that their dog barks the entire time they are not home.

Options include:

• Dog Camera with Night Vision

Frequently Asked Questions

Should I Crate A Dog With Separation Anxiety?

No, it’s not recommended to crate dogs with separation anxiety. 

Dogs with separation anxiety are already in a highly charged emotional state – even a state of panic.

Being crated often serves to heighten their anxiety and lead them to attempt escape.

Many dogs with separation anxiety try to chew on the crate and scratch excessively, leading to self-inflicted injuries like bloody paws and torn lips. 

Not to mention the emotional damage caused by all the stress.

Using a crate alone will not address a dog’s separation anxiety and the confinement may cause your dog to panic even more.

What Are Some Quick Ways To Cure Dog Separation Anxiety?

There are no quick fixes for separation anxiety in dogs. 

Managing and healing separation anxiety requires a lot of patience and consistency. 

Some things you can try include gradually increasing the amount of time your dog spends alone, providing her with mental and physical stimulation, and rewarding her for calm behavior. 

You can also consult with a professional canine separation anxiety specialist to guide you and your dog through a personalized program.

Can Any Dog Breed Be Left Alone For 8 Hours?

While some dog breeds are more independent and can tolerate being alone for longer periods of time, no dog should be left alone for 8 hours without a break. 

Dogs need regular exercise, mental stimulation, and socialization to ensure their physical and mental well-being. 

If you need to be away for an extended period of time, consider hiring a dog walker or a pet sitter to keep your dog company.

Recommended Products

• Adaptil Calming Pheromone Collar
• Adaptil Diffuser
• Dog Camera with Night Vision
• KONG
• LickiMat
• Pet Remedy Diffuser
• Pet Remedy Spray
• Relax My Dog
• Rescue Remedy
• Snuffle Mat
• Through A Dog’s Ear
• Thundershirt Anxiety Jacket 
• Yogasleep White Noise Sound Machine

Resources

• Canine Anxieties And Phobias: An Update On Separation Anxiety And Noise Aversions – Barbara L Sherman, & Daniel S Mills 
• Dealing With Separation Anxiety In Dogs – Dr. Diane van Rooy
• How Do We Treat Separation Anxiety in Dogs? – Malena DeMartini
• Predictors of Separation Anxiety In Dogs – McKenna Yohe 
• Separation Anxiety In Dogs: What Progress Has Been Made In Our Understanding Of The Most Common Behavioral Problems In Dogs? – Niwako Ogata
• Risk Factors And Behaviors Associated With Separation Anxiety In Dogs – Gerrard Flannigan & Nicholas H. Dodman
• The 7 AKC Dog Breed Groups Explained – American Kennel Club
• TTouch Practitioners Explain Canine “Body Wrapping” – CJ Puotinen
• What is TTouch®? – Linda Tellington-Jones
• Why Does My Dog Follow Me Everywhere? – Harriet Meyers

NEED A DOG TRAINER OR BEHAVIOR EXPERT?

If you need more help dealing with a training or behavior issue, please find professional help from a force-free dog trainer who can consult with you either in person or remotely.

GOOD PLACES TO START ARE:
- COAPE Association of Pet Behaviourists and Trainers
- Pet Dog Trainers of Europe
- International Companion Animal Network
- Institute of Modern Dog Trainers
- Pet Professional Guild 

All dog owners deserve to have successful relationships with their canine companions!